Can the Intel® Quartus® Prime Edition Software create a .rpd file for updating a single image without the start address block in remote system update in the Intel Arria® 10 devices?

No.  When the Intel® Quartus® Prime Edition Software creates a .rpd file in the Intel Arria® 10, the start address block is always included at first 32-byte area. 

Use one of the following two workarounds when updating a single image in remote system update in the Intel® Arria® 10,

1. Skip data bytes from 0x00000000 to 0x0000001F to program a .rpd file
2. Modify a .rpd file and remove data bytes from 0x00000000 to 0x0000001F and program the modified .rpd file

Note that when updating a factory image, a .rpd file with a start address block is required.   This is because a start address block is erased together with factory design image in sector erase operation before programming operation.